The Corporate Culture Of Apple Inc Business Essay

The Corporate Culture Of orchard apple tree Inc Business Essay apple in fraternity is todays one of the biggest if not the biggest judicature acculturation lurch trend master, in the past few years apple as being in the light of it tot every(prenominal)y perceive genius ways of getting thing through with(p) with a various, however Apples corporate horti assimilation is constantly changing as a result of agitates to its drawing cardship/CEO from time to time. To gain an in-depth understanding of this we must dwell into apple historical maskingground, it pros and cons, and the possibility of future concern. Therefore the experiential question would be what is the culture of Apple?What is culture?Culture has been describe by many authors, school of thoughts, theories to mention a few in congener to its conceptual usage,it has been described for example as the dominant values espo occasiond by an system of rules, the commonly held and relatively stable set of beliefs, attitu des, values and norms that exit throughout an judicature the basic assumption and beliefs that are office by member of an organisation. In recent time culture has been refer to as the way things are done around here. Lynch (2006, p.37) culture refers to the shared understandings and meanings of that members have concerning an organisation. Rather as individuals have distinctive personalities organisation have their feature particular culture. Some depart be friendly, relaxed and informal tour otherwises forget be highly formal aloof and hostile. Also Drenna(1992).in senior.B (1997).p101)says culture is what typical of the organisation, the habits the prevailing attitudes, the grown up shape of accepted and expected behaviour .The main feature of culture is that even though there are many organisational differences there seem to be share understandings within them. Culture tends to build gradually in rational thinking of groups with the system which later forms a sub/dominant culture. Using Handy (1993) ethnic stupefy, handy opine that A culture cannot be precisely define, for it is aroundthing that is perceived, something felt handy (p. 191).however he pointed out the four type of culture in organisation which are explain in fig1.1.TypeMetaphorCharacteristicsPower CultureA webControl from centre political and entrepreneurial ,personal power serves the figure-head and the leaderRole CultureThe Greek TempleClassical structure bureaucratic role identity position power predominate, serves the structureTask cultureA netValued individual expertise and contri scarceion focus on completing the job, both personal and position powers are important high train of collaboration beastly on group unity.Person cultureA cluster or galaxyCombine of a lose collection of individuals-pursuing own finale but share common facility, power not necessary a focus because members are experts in their own field. This culture serves the individual.Fig1.1The four culture type highlights how power and mince are utilized by organisation and of whose interest are they serving? certainly theres an element of power culture at Apple inc, as noted in the case study, Steve Jobs entrepreneurship modal value had giving way for personal ideology and more-or-less gain control everyplace the system, he is qualify as Apple itself, the span of control and politic is also associated with Steve upon returning back in late 1990s, when he multifariousnessd the culture back to the way its use to be when he was at the apex Apple. Also the Role culture could be link with eras of sculley, and other leaders who try to formalize the structure by imposing their own rule, neglecting the important of project groups, which is central to the Task culture even though individual expertise at Apple is crucial to its figure the only existing collaboration is based on silence. A typical reflection of Apple is the individual culture we may say is the Person culture as disparate gee ks work tiredly to bring most a unique invention based on their expertise.According to, Van backer(case study p.10), ( Backer)an analyst at Gartner inc, noted when Apple goes out to hire somebody, the no 1 criteria isnt how much experience you have or who you know .its whether they think you will give way into the culture. Nevertheless the culture seems unique but can it function without structure, the leadership, performance and strategy? Ideally, we can communicate this by a thorough analysis of the model below take note that the model is a non linear model as all the elements are inter-related and interdependent.Fig1.2 a culture relation model expressionNoticeable in the case study is the commentators role to Apple as a Unique culture, analysts argued that Steve jobs the CEO of Apple is the best marketer in the world, but his leadership style suggest a different view. For instance secrecy is the pinnacle of Apples strategic marketing culture. Apple was known to appreciate an d value its employee, it worth noting that whereas motivational theories such as B.F Skinner (1974), Mintberg (1979), have highlighted the importance of reward and value as the ideological stimuli that motivate individual to work, in contrast, at Apple any universal concept of motivation might not work, because of how apple justifies its reward system with a do or die culture. More so the structure at Apple Inc is becoming obscure as it evolves into a different pattern over the years.FIG2 Hierarchy and Flat structureThe above is an spokesperson of a billize structure of organisation formulated by many scholars over the year to explain organizational functionality the flat is more prominent to entrepreneurship, with satisfactory element of informal, charismatic ,and informal leadership quality but grapevine in nature while the other is ideal for a larger organisation. However, of all the supportive research is the work of Canadian academic, Henry Mintzberg. According to Mintzber g (1979) an organisational structure is the sum total of the way in which it divides its labour into distinct tasks and then gain coordination between them. also structure is define as the established pattern of relationship between the components parts of an organisation, out lining both communication control and authority patterns .supportive to this also is Wilson and Rosenfeld(1990) explained that structure distinguishes the parts of an organisation and delineates the relationship between them.This is supported by Apples trend in organisation structure which is more complex than initially perceived, for instance Apple is seen as the pioneer of work hard play hard ethic. Equally important is the frequent changes in culture as different leaders tried to adopt a different approach to reorganise the structure, it is interesting that analyst verbalize Apple adopted a style that was not too far too formal or hierarchical and that the approach was more result-driven.In ugly circumsta nces as a reference to the case study, any poor performance at Apple will not be consistent with its culture it is important to say that any change in culture will resort in change in structure, however if the structure cannot survive without the culture then where do we inject the leadership style to bring about ultimate performance? Apple structure is neither hierarchy nor flat we could say its more of a hybrid or matrix unlike hierarchy which is prone to bureaucracy=read further according to Webber (1947),in his analysis of organisation he had identified the principle of bureaucracy as a continuous organisation that is bound by rules. Webber outline the importance of ideal bureaucracy to an organisation as positive and rational unlike the other which he described as domination as charismatic authority and traditional authority .mention adocrasy=read furtherFig 2.1 A representation of Apples organisation formation structure.AGENT OF TRANSFORMATIONLeadership as a concept has been a n interesting centre piece to different fields of thought, to the ordinary man a leader is just a symbolic head, but as a supportive element by theorists and analysts a definite category of classification it is utter the most important type of leaderships are of the following the charismatic, the traditional, the situational, the appointed, the functional and the principle centred leader for the purpose of this essay we will look at leadership from management perspective, according Cole(2004), leadership is define as the followingleadership at work is a dynamic process whereby one individual in a group is not only responsible for the group results but actively seeks the collaboration and dedication of all the group members in a achieving group goals in a particular context and against the background of a particular national cultureINNOVATORSThe leadership style of Apple is highly represented by their iconic CEO Steve job that is highly regarded for his innovative, creative and mar keting strategies. Using classification of leadership his style could be linked as the shiftal leader which is characterised by the transformation of organisation, creativity and innovation with the purpose to engender commitment. However the simplicity of his approach could resort in the downfall of his perceived personality and organisational performance, for instance if this was ideal for the organisational culture then the question would be the sited instances of global workforce revolting against the culture of secretary utilize by Apple as an accepted way to continue the company forward. If apple is to maintain its status quo as the number one most valued company in the world then it needs to operate on itself in some form of leadership re orientation as over the past decade different management/leaders have fasten to change the culture of apple and its structure only to head back to the starting point which is where they are today, Steve job certainly must be doing some right, concrete evidence suggest that Steve job must have outperformed his expectation to the board of management as emphasized in the case study.CONSTRAINTSthe ripple essence of change of leaders/managers at Apple inc emphasis the need for change in culture, however this changes also brought about change in structure as each leader tries to implement his/her own ideology, arguable is the internal problem that apple faces from its reorganisation, for instance the appointment of Sculley who was credit for making Apple one of the biggest and fastest-growing corporation in the US.(case study p.5 ).A series of failure in the early 90s again brought another power shift when the board decided it time for leadership change and Micheal spindler was appointed in 1993 to replace Sculley, Spinder also fail to perform as expected ,Amelio could have being the one man that brought the last drastic change into apple because of his focus on Apple product line and workforce reduction but fail follo w Apples corporate culture, once more Steve was back in business to turn things Around. A key point to his transformational leadership style, nevertheless it would appear that the board were more interested in performance rather than leadership quality or style however performance cannot be divorced from leadership.THE ACHIEVERPerformance, theres no normalised definition of performance it has being said that performance cannot be easily defined as you cannot measure or manage it. However few management researchers have noted the core different of performance from other fields in comparison to management sectors. Performance is more adapted to performance management day in day out, therefrom performance could be agreed to be of relevance to situational changes. Armstrong and Baron (1998) define performance management as a strategic and integrated approach to delivering prolong success to organization by improving the performance of the people who work in them by developing the ca pability of team and individual who work in them.. Therefore, it provides avenue for knowledge on organizational objectives and goals and a spectrum to manage and train individual in order to achieve to such objectives Armstrong stress that performance is strategic because it is concern with broader issues facing organizational effectiveness.As evidence in the case study the market value of Apple against the backdrop of its financial performance over the years in Exhibit VIII, it is clear that in the past decade there being a major profit share in the company, more so recently Apple posted all time demean revenue with increase earnings of 78 percent, as of July 2010. Apple posted record revenue of $15.7 billion and also quarterly profit of $3.25 billion,. Surely the share holders would be very pleased with the result. These results compare to workforce engagement and the strategy used to achieve result cannot be overlooked, Apple was known to appreciate its employees. It was consid er a great place to work for people who are personate about what they did. (Case study p.3) also experts felt one of the key success to Apples performance is its ability to attract and retain key personnel in technical, marketing and stave positions Nevertheless financial performance in one comfort zone for the company identity externally but does this speak the analogous for the internal general audit of employee of Apple who work tirelessly for over 60hours to get this results out. Then how engaged are the staff of Apple incorporation.The unique culture of Apple which is base on the leadership style of one man approach Steve jobs, can it survive after the exit of jobs. its plausible to say yes as jobs himself claim he had trained others to manage whenever he is no longer available, however the determination of each individual could result in systemic failure of the culture as every leader approach with a different goal setting. If the goal serve as the basis for motivation, and t he goals are set by managers, industrial standard or base on negotiation, how then do you motivate individual, researchers noted that one can be motivated by target set against the others while you could be de-motivated by over pressured standard. levison(1972)highlights this in Asinine attitude towards motivation, in relation to reward or punishment to motivate workers, more so borrow the work of Hygiene theory of motivation by Herzberg (1968),which he claim that the most important motivator or satisfier areAchievementRecognition conk itselfResponsibilityAdvancement.While the following called hygiene factors or dissatisfiesCompany policy and administration.Supervision-the technical aspects.Salary.Interpersonal relations-supervisionWorking conditions.Herzberg pointed out that these factors were indispensableally related to the content of work, i.e. with intrinsic challenge, interest and the individual responses generated by them.If applied to Apple, how do we justify the working c ondition of staff who work for long hours to get the job done, or does the secrecy atmosphere bring about individual motivation or fear of punishment has whoever fail to comply to the culture is noticeably punished, the reward scheme in apple for those that come up with innovative technology like iphone, mac ipad could result in entertain of individual while the punishment approach on the other hand is detrimental to the public image of Apple as any failure leads to sacking individual or leakage of secret will automatically result in dismissal. Therefore we could say any universal concept of motivation might not work in Apple gather culture base on perceived punishment and reward of staff performance, thus Apple cooperate culture is zero experience and no perceptual constancy of staff until now though it has worked for the company.Even though the strategy may be consider risky. Apple target young staff recruits with less commitment and more glory seeking rather than experience. H owever is worth saying the older generation are not mush expandable. This could be explain utilize Maslow (1956) Hierarchy of needs, which he associated the important of needs to motivate individual, starting from basic needs called physiological needs, follow by safety needs, then love needs, esteem needs, and self actualisation. He emphasis that as one needs is fulfil we move up to another.Goal setting (locke,shaw sari latham 1981)A change in goal will foreseen a better Apple as a company, for example Apple has always focus on improving on a prior product i.e. Iphone1,2,3..4.e.tc while not come up with something entirely different and innovative. Even though Apple came up with a micro palm thingummy name ipad,it still relied entire on the old operating system which is gradually facing out as competition grows in the technology industry. once more the past ten years down the line Steve Jobs was back the in same job at the apex of the company after many failures of different mana gers at various stages of cultural development within Apple inc. even though Jobs is making money for apple for now the question is will same strategy that fails at the initial past decade in culture, work for the future?A do or die culture was Apples it it ideal for apple? For instance sculleyl tried for Apple for about five years, thus due to cultural strategy of sculley, the board got rid of him. At this juncture the answer would be it all depends on many factors conserving strategy culture and variable element to forecast the future.